A article notes that skin pigmentation differences are due to the number of melanocytes present in the skin, as well as the ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin. Typically, those with light skin have melanocytes that have clusters of two or three melanosomes. In contrast, those with dark skin generally have individual melanosomes that can also produce melanin for keratinocytes more quickly.
Other factors that can affect the level of melanin in the skin include :. It is possible for a person to produce too much melanin within the body. Experts call it hyperpigmentation. It can occur due to certain conditions or the presence of excess melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
For example, daily application of sunscreen with an SPF of 50 or higher can help minimize the effects of UV light on the skin. A person should consult a healthcare professional before using any topical treatments, as these could have side effects, such as increased sensitivity. Learn more about treatment for hyperpigmentation here. At times, a person can have too little melanin in the skin. This results in the skin becoming lighter.
Healthcare professionals may refer to this as hypopigmentation. Two examples of hypopigmentation are vitiligo and albinism. Vitiligo is a skin condition that results in white patches of skin due to the loss of melanocytes. Albinism is a genetic condition that causes people to have very little or no melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair. Although tanning is an indication that the skin is releasing melanin, it is not a safe way to increase melanin levels.
The Skin Cancer Foundation notes that tanning increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Learn more about increasing melanin levels here.
According to research , antioxidants may have the potential to increase the amount of melanin in the skin. Melanocytes create melanin through the process of melanogenesis, which is also an oxidative process that produces ROS.
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