Pushkin's two years at Mikhailovskoye were extremely rich in poetic output. Among other works, he wrote the first three chapters of Eugene Onegin, and composed the tragedy Boris Godunov.
In addition, he composed many important lyrics poetic dramas set to music and a humorous tale in verse entitled Count Nulin. Pushkin was eventually forgiven by the new czar Russian ruler , Nicholas I — The czar promised Pushkin that all of his works would be censored edited for approval by the czar himself.
Pushkin promised to publish nothing that would harm the government. After some time this type of censorship became a burden for Pushkin. Pushkin continued to live a wild life for awhile, but wanted to settle down. He proposed to Nathalie Goncharova in He asked his future in-laws for money and convinced them to provide him with land and a house.
He continued to work on Eugene Onegin, wrote a number of excellent lyrics, and worked on, but did not finish a novel. Eugene Onegin was begun in and finished in August This is a novel in verse poetry and most regard it as Pushkin's most famous work.
It is a "novel" about life at that time, constructed in order to permit digressions the moving away from the main subject in literary works and a variety of incidents and tones. The heart of the tale concerns the life of Eugene Onegin, a bored nobleman who rejects the advances of a young girl, Tatiana.
He meets her later, when she is greatly changed and now sophisticated. He falls in love with her. He is in turn rejected by her because, although she loves him, she is married.
After Pushkin wrote less and less poetry. He married Nathalie Goncharova in She bore him three children, but the couple were not happy together. His new wife had many other admirers. He challenged one of her admirers to a duel that took place on January 26, Pushkin was wounded and died on January There was great mourning at his death. Many of Pushkin's works provided the basis for operas by Russian composers.
Feinstein, Elaine. Pushkin: A Biography. New York: Ecco Press, Magarshack, David. Simmons, Ernest. Vickery, Walter. Pushkin: Death of a Poet. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, Vitale, Serena. Pushkin's Button. Edited by Ann Goldstein. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, Toggle navigation. Early works, — After finishing school, Pushkin led a wild and undisciplined life.
South of Russia Pushkin spent the years from to in various places in the southern part of Russia, including the Caucasus and in the Crimea. Mikhailovskoye, — When Pushkin arrived at Mikhailovskoye, his relations with his parents were not good.
In , he found her in Natalya Goncharova, and plighted his troth to her in April of that same year. She finally agreed to marry him on the condition that his ambiguous situation with the government be clarified - and it was. As a wedding gift, Pushkin was given permission to publish "Boris Godunov" after four years of waiting for approval.
He was formally betrothed on 6 May Financial arrangements in connection with the recent acquisition of part of the family stead required that he visit the neighboring estate of Boldino in east-central Russia. Pushkin had only planned go be there for a few days but to his dismay, he got stranded by an Asiatic cholera outbreak for three months.
These three months in Boldino, however, turned out to be the most fruitful period of his life in terms of creativity. During the last months of his exile at Mikhaylovskoe, he did produce two more chapters of "Eugene Onegin", but in the four subsequent years he had only written "Poltava" , his unfinished novel "The Blackamoor of Peter the Great" , a narration about his Abyssinian ancestor Gannibal, and chapter seven of "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin finally married Natalya Goncharova on 18 February in Moscow.
In May, the Pushkins moved to Tsarskoe Selo, to settle for a more frugal life and enjoy the peace and tranquility of the countryside. They never found what they wanted, as a cholera outbreak in St. Petersburg drove the Emperor and his court to take refuge in Tsarskoe Selo in July. In October of the Pushkins moved back to St. Petersburg to an apartment where they spent the rest of their lives. Natalya's beauty immediately made a sensation in high society, the Emperor himself being one of her admirers.
Because of her popularity, Pushkin was forced to spend more time in the capital than he wished. On 30 December , Nicholas I made Pushkin a Kammerjunker, a low court rank usually granted to the youngsters of high aristocratic families. Pushkin was deeply offended and all the more convinced, that, apart from being worthless in terms of career, the rank was merely an excuse for his wife to frequent court balls.
Pushkin could ill afford the expense of gowns for Natalya for court balls, required for performing court duties. His troubles further increased when her two unmarried sisters came to live with them in the autumn of In addition, in the spring of , he had taken over the management of his father's estate and agreed to settle the debts of his heedless brother.
His financial situation was so aggravated that he applied for a substantial loan to cover his most pressing debts, and for the permission to publish a journal. He received the loan and a little later, in , was permitted to publish a quarterly literary journal, The Contemporary. The journal was not a financial success; in addition, it got Pushkin involved in endless editorial and financial debates and in trouble with the censors. Short visits to the country in and resulted in the completion of his fairy tale in verse, "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel" while in he completed his novel, "The Captain's Daughter," about Pugachev's peasant uprising of , and a number of his finest lyrics.
By the mid 30s, many critics began to refer to Pushkin's works as outdated and obsolete, which was a disastrous thing for Pushkin to hear; it dispirited him immensely.
In addition to that, his family life had hit the rocks as well. Young d'Anthes had been pursuing her for two years, and eventually, his claims became so open and unabashed, that in the fall of, it led to a scandal. Pushkin challenged d'Anthes to a duel. He retracted the challenge, however, when he learned from rumors that d'Anthes was "really" in love with Natalya's sister, Ekaterina Goncharova.
On 10 January , their marriage took place, but Pushkin refused to attend the wedding or to receive the couple in his home. After the marriage, d'Anthes resumed pursuing Natalya Pushkina with doubled tenacity.
A duel between Pushkin and d'Anthes finally took place on 27 January D'Anthes fired first, and Pushkin was mortally wounded. He died two days later, on 29 January.
Thousands of people of all social levels came to Pushkin's apartment to express sympathy and to mourn him. Fearing a public outcry over the senseless loss of this great figure, the authorities falsely declared that a funeral service would be held in St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, with admission only granted to members of the court and diplomatic society. The real service, however, was held in secret a day before it was announced, and Pushkin's body was smuggled out of the capital in the dead of night.
Pushkin was buried beside his mother at dawn on 6 February at Svyatye Gory Monastery, near Mikhaylovskoye. This place, with exquisite Pushkin family estates snuggled in the picturesque landscapes, has become a Mecca for all those in love with Pushkin's works and literature in general. All rights reserved. On this day. Foreigners in Russia. June 6, — January 29, Image from allart. Image from www. Image from dic.
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